Diabetes
Note about the level of detail here
This is a simple introduction to diabetes. It is the minimum information about
diabetes typically included within the standard training for bodywork therapies such as massage, aromatherapy, shiatsu,
and some other treatments.
Diabetes is a condition related to the ability
of the body to regulate the amount of sugar (glucose) in
the blood. It is an increasingly common condition that affects many
people worldwide.
The amount of sugar in the blood is usually regulated by the hormone insulin,
which is produced and secreted by the Beta cells (B-cells) of
the pancreas. The pancreas is an endocrine gland - also mentioned with a brief description on the page about endocrine
glands.
‘Normal’ blood glucose levels are in the range 4-10 m.mol/litre ,
where m.mol/litre (of glucose) is a measure of the concentration of sugar (in
form of glucose) in blood.
These figures generally refer to measurements
taken with approximately 2 hours of eating a meal.
Variations within this range may be explained
by how recently foods were consumed, the sugar-content
of those foods, and how quickly the sugars in
that type of food are released into the body.
In the context of diabetes, and blood sugar
levels:
- "Hypo" refers to there being less than 3.5 m.mol/litre (of glucose) per litre of blood.
Symptoms may include sweating, shakes and light-headedness.
If the level continues to drop then the person may fall
into a coma.
If it drops still further, death may result.
- "Hyper" refers to there being more than
10.1 m.mol/litre (of glucose) per litre of blood.
Symptoms may include urination, headaches, blurred
vision and keto-acidosis.
If the level continues to increase
then the person may fall into a coma.
If it increases still
further, then death may result.
The cycle of regulation
of blood sugar levels in a person not affected by diabetes is
shown below.
The basic cycle summarised in the diagram above is:
- Normal blood glucose
- Increase in blood glucose (following a meal or snack)
- Beta-cells in the pancreas are stimulated to produce insulin
- Blood glucose level falls
- Normal blood glucose
- Blood glucose level falls
- Alpha-cells secret glucagen (to glucose)
- Blood glucose levels rise
This cycle is repeated throughout the day as the person becomes hungry, eats, ingests sugars (see types of sugars), and processes them.
There are several different types of diabetes listed
(in alphabetical order) in the following table.
Type of Diabetes
|
Causes & Symptoms
|
|
Diabetes Insipidus
|
is due to non-secretion of the hormone A.D.H..
One
symptom is constant urination (‘micturation’),
upwards of 10 litres per day. |
|
Diabetes Melitis
|
is the failure of the body to produce
any insulin.
It is also known as ‘Pissing Evil’,
and ‘Sugar Fountain’ – because the
urine smells very sweet. |
|
Diabetes Type I
|
is also known as ‘juvenile diabetes’.
It is hereditary and occurs in young people. |
|
Diabetes Type II
("Hypoglycaemia")
|
is non-insulin dependent.
The pancreas produces some insulin, but
insufficient.
This condition
is associated with age, obesity and lack of exercise
and is normally cured by some combination of tablets
/ diet / exercise. |
|
Temporary/Pregnancy Diabetes
|
occurs because of the hormonal disruption
caused by ‘feeding for two’.
Symptoms end
with the end of the pregnancy. |
|
This is the end of this page, but information about the composition
of blood and aspects of the endocrine system
such as conditions
affecting the endocrine system are included
on other pages of this website.
|
