Date Published:
30 November 2006 |
World AIDS Day: progress made, but AIDS remains pressing public health challenge
World AIDS Day message from acting Director-General Dr Anders Nordström:
The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to grow. Some 40 million people, their families,
and their communities, are now living with HIV. Effectively tackling this epidemic
remains one of the world's most pressing public health challenges.
In August this year, at the XVI International AIDS Conference, 30 000 of us
came together in Toronto in reply to the Conference's call to action. That
action, we agreed, must reflect a balanced mix of prevention, treatment and
care. This year's World AIDS Day theme "Accountability" reminds us
again of our responsibility for making the right choices.
In Toronto, I spoke on the three areas in which we had to take action: the
three "Ms" of Money, Medicines and a Motivated workforce.
Money:
We have made some important progress and continue to do so. For example,
just over half of the latest round of grants from the Global Fund - which totalled
US$846 million - will go to fight HIV/AIDS. Continued commitment is needed and
resources must be used effectively. Accountability is an important theme for
those who want to see the best possible results in terms of human lives.
Medicines:
Our goal remains to scale up international efforts to provide universal
access to prevention, treatment, care and support services.The ten-fold increase
in people on treatment in sub-Saharan Africa in recent years shows that we
can do it. Sub-Saharan Africa also illustrates what still has to be done: it
represents 70% of the global unmet need for treatment.
We have a very long way to go still in the provision of medicines to those
who need them. To be able to do that, we must also know who needs treatment
and care.
The latest AIDS epidemic update from WHO and the UNAIDS Secretariat, released
on 21 November, gives us the most accurate picture of the epidemic to date.
HIV surveillance remains weak in almost all regions, particularly among marginalized
groups. Those at highest risk—men who have sex with men, sex workers,
and injecting drug users—are not reliably reached through HIV prevention
and treatment strategies.
At the Toronto Conference there was a powerful drive to address the needs
of those who bear the greatest burden of the AIDS epidemic - women and girls.
Some 40% of new HIV infections now occur among young people aged between 15
to 24 years. The most striking increases in the number of people living with
HIV have occurred in East Asia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
Those most at risk of exposure to HIV do not always know how to protect themselves
and often do not have access to the means to do so, such as condoms, clean
needles and syringes, and treatment for sexually transmitted infections. Levels
of knowledge of safer sex and HIV remain low in many countries, as well as
perceptions of personal risk. Even in countries where the epidemic has a very
high impact, such as Swaziland and South Africa, a large proportion of the
population do not believe they are at risk. Where prevention efforts decline,
HIV infects more people.
Counselling and testing are essential so that people who are infected can
know their status, seek care, and using their increased knowledge, change their
behaviours to prevent transmission of the virus to others. Those who are tested
can also use knowledge of their status to protect themselves.
A Motivated health workforce: Motivated and skilled health workers who can
provide essential services are the crucial missing link in many countries.
WHO's "Treat, Train Retain" plan for a healthy and well supported
healthcare workforce is being developed now in 15 countries.
Prevention works but has to be focused on the needs of those most likely to
be exposed to HIV, and it must be sustained. There are success stories. In
8 out of 11 of some of the world's most affected countries, HIV prevalence
in the age group 15 to 24 years has declined in the past five years. We must
seize on these successes and see that they are repeated.
We know that comprehensive harm reduction programmes reduce risky drug injecting
practice and result in declines in HIV infection rates. Effective responses
are being implemented in many countries, ranging from Brazil and China to the
Islamic Republic of Iran and Indonesia. These experiences provide good models
for other countries.
Another key element in the epidemic - Tuberculosis - has recently drawn increased
attention with the development of an extremely drug resistant form that signals
the urgent need for TB control. TB causes up to half of all deaths in people
living with HIV.
The AIDS epidemic provides us with clear evidence that even some of the most
complex health and development problems can be successfully addressed. To see
this positive pattern repeated everywhere will take greater political will
and more resources.
Our ability to be responsive to changes in the epidemic is a central factor
if we are to succeed. We have to be constantly alert to shifts in the epidemic
dynamic and country contexts, aware of which approaches are successful, and
flexible enough to adapt our responses accordingly. We do not just need "more".
We need to commit to clear sightedness about what is working and what is not
- and quickly apply that knowledge.
For example, recognizing the critical role that vulnerable and marginalized
populations play in the epidemic, we need to invest in models of service delivery
that reach these groups, ensure equitable and quality services, and are able
to provide sustainable support to the most affected communities.
We are now more than 25 years into this epidemic. People living with HIV and
their communities urgently need to see tangible results. We are at a critical
juncture. Just last week, Secretary-General Kofi Annan inaugurated the new
joint UNAIDS/WHO building in Geneva. It is a building which now houses the
HIV, TB and Malaria staff of WHO, side by side with the UNAIDS team. Nothing
more clearly symbolises our determination to work as a team. It is a commitment
to collaboration, and with that comes our commitment also to accountability:
to all those currently living with HIV, and to all those whose lives must be
protected from it.
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